kya aapko pata hai operating system kya hai (what is operating system in hindi)? nahi pata to bhee mat ghabrana ke koi baat nahin, iska jawab hum denge aur uske saath kuchh aur sawaal ke bhi jawab diya jayega.
jaise ki ham jaante hain ki hum ek insaan hain aur ek insaan ke paas dil hota hai. aise mein kya aapko pata hai ye dil kaise kaam karta hai, shayad ye bhi nahi pata hoga.mere kehne ka matlab ye hai ki jaise ham insaan ke paas dil hota hai theek vaise hee computer ke paas bhi hota hai, aur ise takanikee bhasha mein computer ka operating system (os) kaha jata hai.
jab bhi aap koi mobile ya phir computer istemaal karte ho to hamesha aap bolte rehte ho android, windows, mach, linux ityaadi. to ye sabhi naam ek ek operating system ke hain. kabhi android kitkat to kabhi android orio, ya agar windows ki baat ki jaye to inko koi bolta hai windows 10, windows 7, windows 8, windows xp ityaadi. vaise hi mac os mein bhi hote hai.
lekin in sab ke baare mein har kisi ko thoda bahut gyaan jarur hai, lekin kisi ko ye nahi pata ye computer ka dil matalab is os ka kaam kya hai. ek chota sa ehsaas mein aap logon ko dena chahunga ki ek operating system ek prakar ka interface hota hai end user aur hardwares ke bich.

Operating सिस्टम क्या है – What is Operating System in Hindi
operating system ko system software bhie kaha jata hai. isko chote naam se jyadatar log os bhi bolte hai. isako Computer ka dil (heart) bhi kaha jata hai. operating system ek system Software hai, jo ki user matlab aap ke aur computer hardware ke bich mein interface jaise kaam karta hai.
mai seedhe seedhe is vaaky ko samajha deta hu, jab bhi aap computer ko chalate ho tab ye os hee aapko computer istemal karne ka jariya deta hai. jaise aap gana sunte ho, word document ke oopar double click karte ho, 3-4 window khol ke baith jaate ho, keyboard mein kuch likhte ho, aur kuch file computer mein save karte ho to ye sab aap bina operating system ke kabhi nahi kar sakte.
to yahi os ek esa software jiski madad se aap apane computer ko chalate ho. isalie jab bhi aap naya computer khareed te ho usme aap sabse pahle usame window 8 ya phir windows10 ko load karava te ho dukandar se aur uske baad aap computer ko apne ghar le jaate ho. varana bina operating system ke to kabhi apne computer ko on bhee nahi kar sakte.
ye bhi ek sawal hai ki isko system software kyun bola jata hai. agar aap computer main user software matlab application software ko chalana chahte ho to vo bina os ke kabhi chal hi nahi sakte.
ye os computer hardware ko acche se istemal karne mein madad karta hai. operating system mukhya roop se yahi kuch kaam karta hai jaise keyboard se kuchh input leta hai, instruction ko process karta hai, aur output ko computer screen pe bhejta hai.
is operating system ko aap tabhi dekhte ho jab computer ko on karte ho tab aur jab computer band karte ho. aap game, ms word, adobe reader, vlc media player, photoshop jaise aur bahut sare software computer ke andar rahte hai inko chalane ke liye ek program ya bada software chahiye jisko ham operating system bolte hain.
mobile mein upyog hone vaale os ka naam hai android jiske baare mein sabko pata hai. aapko pata chal gaya hoga ki operating system kya hai, to chalo iske kuch kaam ke baare mein jaan lete hai.
operating system ke naam
alag alag kaary ke liye alag alag operating system ka istemal kiya jata hai. yahan aapko operating system list share kiya hoon, jo jyadatar log istemal karna pasand karte hai.
- microsoft windows
- google’s android os
- apple ios
- apple mac
- linux operating system
ye sab bahut bade bade operating system Company ke naam hai. vaise to in ke andar bahut saare alag alag na aate hai, par jyadatar log inko inhee naamo se jaanate hai.
operating system ke kaary
vaise computer bahut saare kaam karta hai, lekin sabse pehle jab aap computer ko on karte ho tab operating system pehle main memory matalab ram mein load hota hai aur iske baad ye user softwares ko kon kon se hardware chahiye vo sab allocate karta hai. niche OS ke alag alag kaam diye gaye hain, unke baare mein aur details mein jaante hain.
- Memory Management
- Processor management (Process Scheduling)
- Device Management
- File Management
- Security
- System Performance देखना
- Error बताना
- Software और User के बिच में तालमेल Banana
1. Memory Management
memory management ka matalab hai primary aur secondary memory ko manage karna. main memory matlab ram ek bahut hi bada array ke bytes hai.
matlab memory mein bahut sare chote chote khaachen hote hain jahaan pe ham kuchh data rakh sake hain. jahan pe har ek khaachen ka address hota hai. main memory sabse tej chalne wala memory hai jisko CPU direct istemaal karta hai. kyunki cpu jitne bhi program ko chalta hai vo sab main memory mein hi hote hain.
operating system ye saare kaam karta hai.
- main memory ka konsa hissa istemaal hoga, kounsa nahi hoga, kitna hoga, kitna nahi hoga.
- multiprocessing mein os Decide karta hai ki kis process ko memory diya jayega aur kisko kitna diya jayega.
- jab process memory mangta hai tab usako memory Operating System de deta hai (process ka matalab hai ek task ya fir ek chota kaam jo ki computer ke andar hota hai)
- jab process apna kaam khatam kar lete hai to os wapas apne memory le leta hai.
2. Processor Management (Process Scheduling)
jab multiprogramming environment ki baat kee jaaye to os decide karta hai, ki kis process ko processor milega aur kisi ko nahi milega aur kitne samay tak milega.
is process ko bola jata hai process scheduling. operating system ye sab kaam karavaata hai.
- operating system ye bhi dekhta hai processor khaali hai ya phir kuch kaam kar raha hai, ya free hai aur process apna kaam khatam kar liya hai ya nahin. aap chaho to task manager mein jaake dekh sakte ho ki kitne kaam chal raha hai aur kitne nahin. jo program ye sab kaam karava ta hai, uska naam hai traffic controller.
- process ko cpu allocate karta hai.
- jab ek process ka kaam khatam ho jata hai, to vo processor ko dusre kaam mein lagata hai, aur kuchh kaam nahi hone par processor ko free kar deta hai.
3. Device Management
aap ke computer mein driveir ka istemaal to hota hai, ye to aap ko pata hi hoga jaise ki sound driver, bluetooth driver, graphics driver, wifi driver lekin ye alag alag input/output devices ko chalane mein madad kar te hain, lekin in drivers ko os chalata hai.
to dekhte hain aur kya kya ye Operating System karta hai.
- sabhi computer devices ko track karata hai aur ye task jo karavata hai us program ka naam hai I/O controller.
- jaise alag alag process ko devices chahiye kuchh task karne ke liye, to devices allocate ka kaam bhi os karta hai. ek udahaaran le le te hain ek process ko kuchh task karne hai jaise video play karna, print nikalna, to ye dono task output device monitor, printer ki madad se hoga. to ye 2no device ko process ko kab dena hai ye kaam os karta hai.
- jab process ka kaam khatam ho jata hai to vo vaapas devicei deallocate karta hai.
4. File Management
ek file mein bahut saare directories ko sangathan karke rakha jata hai. kyunki isse ham aasani se data dhoond sake. to chalie jante hain file management main OS ka kya kaam hai.
- information, location aur status ko sangthit karke rakhta hai. ye sab file system dekhta hai.
- kisko konsa Resource milega.
- Resource dai-allocate karna hai.
5. Security
6. system Performance dekhna
7. Error batana
8. softwares aur user ke bich mein taalmel banana
- Compiler, Interpreter or assembler ko task assign karta hai. alag alag software ko user ke saath jodta hai, jis se user software ko achhe se istemal karta hai.
- user aur system ke beech mein communication prdan karta hai.
- operating system bios mein store hoke rahta hai. baaki sab applichation ko bhi user-friendly banta hai.
operating system ki visheshtayen
- ye saare input/output devices ko control karata hai.
- saare application software run karne ki responsibility operating system ki hai.
- process scheduling ka kaam matlab process allocate karna aur de-allocate karna.
- system mein ho rahe errors aur khatron ke baare mein awagat karta hai.
- user aur computer programs ke beech achchha taalmel sthaapit karta hain.
Operating system ke prakar – types of operating system in hindi
- batch operating system
- simple batch operating system
- multiprogramming batch operating system
- network operating system
- multiprocessor operating system
- distributed operating system
- time-sharing operating system
- real-time operating system
Batch Processing Operating System
simple batch system
Multiprogramming batch systems
disadvantages
- user aur computer ke bich mein koi direct interactions nahin.
- jo job pahle aata hai vo job pahle process hota hai, isliye user ko jyada intezaar karna padta tha.
Network operating system
network operating systems ke prakar
ek network operating system ko ham darsha sakte hain ek basich OS ke taur par jo kee run karte hai ek network devices, jaise ki router ya firewall
Multiprocessor System
advantage
- raftaar khub jyada kyunki multiprocessor ka istemal hota hai.
- bahut saare task agar ek saath process hote hain isaliye yahan pe system throughput badh jata hai. jiska matlab hai, ek second mein kitne job process ho sakte hain.
- is os main task ko subtask mein divide kiya jata hai, aur har ek subtask ko alag alag processor ko diya jata hai, khaas isee vajah se ek task kaphee kam waqt mein complete ho jata hai.
distributed operating system
advantages
- jitne bhi door door ke resources hain un ko aasani se istemal kiya ja sakta hai, jise resources khali nahi rehte.
- inase processing fast hotee hai.
- jo host machine hai uske upar load kam hota hai, kyunki load distributed ho jata hai.
Time sharing operating system
advantages
- ismen os pratyek task ko poora karne ke liye barabar mauka diya jata hai.
- ismen software ki duplicasy hona sahaj kaam nahi hai. jo ki na ke barabar hota hai.
- aasani se ismen cpu idle time ko kam kiya ja sakta hai.
disadvantages
- reliability ka issue ismen jyada dekhne ko milte hain.
- isamen sabhi cheezon ke security aur integrity ka khayal rakhna padta hai.
- data communication ka issue ismen ek common problem hota hai.
- time-sharing, operating system ke udaharan hai:- unix
Real-time operating system
hard real-time operating system
soft real-time
client operating system kya hota hai?
operating system ki poori jankari
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